Bahria University Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences

ROLE OF SELF-COMPASSION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY ON BURNOUT AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN SIALKOT

Aqsa Khalil, Fizza Aqeel, Eman Fatima, Humaira Aziz — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

Healthcare professionals are more likely to experience burnout, a psychological condition brought on by work-related stressors that last a long time. Self-compassion, the non-judgmental observation of one's own pain and failure while comprehending that these are a part of being human, is one of the individual differences that can protect against burnout (Hashem & Zeinoun, 2020).
The study aimed to inspect the role of self-compassion and psychological safety on burnout among healthcare professionals. This crosssectional study was conducted on 300 medical workers (N=150 men, N=150 women) of different public and private sector hospitals. The data was collected through a purposive sampling technique. Self-Compassion Scale ShortForm (Raes et al., 2011), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Demerouti & Nachreiner, 1998) and Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale(Morton et al., 2022) along with a self-developed demographic sheet were administered to participants for measuring study variables. For data analysis, Descriptive Statistics, t-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Regression analysis was applied using SPSS (V-25). The results showed a significant (p<0.01, p<0.05) relationship among all study variables i.e., self-compassion, burnout, and psychological safety. Findings also revealed that burnout has a significant and negative correlation with self-compassion and psychological safety. (r= -1.83, **p<0.01). Whereas self-compassion and psychological safety were significantly and positively correlated with each other. (r= .425**, **p<0.01).T-test analysis revealed that there was no significant difference exists in burnout rate between males and females. As per study findings, it is concluded that having high self compassion and psychological safety reduce the risk of burnout among medical professionals.

EUROPEAN UNION'S GENERALIZED SCHEME OF PREFERENCES -GSP+ AND PAKISTAN: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW

Prof. Dr. Tasneem Sultana, Dr. Arjumand Zehra Zehra — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The Generalized Scheme of Preferences of European Union (EU) aims to help the least developed economies to come out from their vulnerabilities and also improve their overall governance. However, the empirical evidences depicts another story. The beneficiaries who gain help from EU are not able to liberalize their economy or trade policies. The purpose of this study is to explore the real meanings of preferential treatment and the burden bear up by beneficiaries. Pakistan has been included in GSP+ scheme since 2014. Although Pakistan is now the most successful among the other eight beneficiaries, there is still room to progress further besides managing hidden agendas which prevent comprehensive benefits. Apparently there are different pros of GSP+ scheme but there are certain cons too due to which it is very hard for beneficiaries to come out from least developed status. The study recommends that if EU truly wants to help the least developed economies; it should minimize the yardsticks.

PULWAMA ATTACK: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF MEDIA FRAMING IN INDIAN AND PAKISTANI NEWS PAPERS' WEBSITES

Abdul Ahad Khan, Syed Muhammad Sarim Sajid, Awais Khalid — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

The coverage of media about the attacks by the terrorists plays a vital role in shaping the masses' understanding of the issue. The Pulwama attack is one of its kind, which opens the door for researchers to study various aspects. The incident was carried out on February 14, 2019. This attack is known as a major and big horrific violent attack in the context of Indo-Pakistan relations that provoked a record-high amount of tension between the two countries. The tension between the two countries escalated right after the attack and it jeopardized the whole aspect of peace and prosperity between the two countries. The media of both countries played a great role in setting their own perspectives among the masses.
This study mainly focuses on analyzing the content about the attack, published in the print media. The study includes the analysis of framing the attack differently by both the countries’ respective print media. In order to examine the coverage of the attack, the researcher selected one of the topmost newspapers of both states. Daily Dawn from Pakistan and Times of India from India. The researcher studied the content of the stories published from February 14, 2019, to March 31, 2019, and then analyzed them through a qualitative content analysis strategy.This study seeks to evaluate the attack in order to find the answers to the basic research objectives. The main objective of the study is to examine the coverage of the Pulwama attack in Dawn and Times of India and how they both differ in framing the attack respectively. Another objective of this research is to identify the sources and references used by both newspapers in reporting the Pulwama attack. The findings of the study show that the Indian print media covered and present the clashes of both neighboring countries in a negative and provoking manner whereas Pakistani media neutralize the incident and focused on facts only. The frames chosen by Indian media promote sensationalism in the audience.

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE'S SONNET 73

Hina Naz, Dr. Waseem Hassan Malik — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

This current study presents a stylistic analysis of William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73. It is carried out by applying varied levels of language which include phonology, graphology, morphology, semantics, lexicology and syntax/grammar. As stylistics is a scientific discipline which is amply useful in furnishing both literary and linguistics knowledge and critical inspection, this study aims to find out how different stylistic and linguistic devices are employed by the poet in the poem understudy in order to interpret their meaning clearly. In addition, this analysis is useful in comprehending the essential concepts of poem, i.e., aging and death and enhancing its message which the poet communicates by dint of these diverse stylistic and linguistic tools/devices. Although, this sonnet is quite personal in tone but renders general reality as its theme is universal. The analysis reveals that Shakespeare's words give the text a particularly Shakespearean feel, bringing images to life. The repetitions and rhyme in the language give the words more depth, texture, and variety. Conjured images become vivid and sensory-appealing. The sonnet's use of archaic vocabulary gives it a sense of antiquity and infinity. These words were employed in a beautiful and formal way. It seems sense that Sonnet 73 has endured in popularity from the Middle Ages to the Present.

RESISTING THE IRRESISTIBLE: SUSPENDED SELF-IDENTITY IN PAKISTANI ENGLISH NARRATIVES ON TRIBAL SOCIOPOLITICAL DYNAMICS

Usama Javed Iqbal, Sabeen Nadeem — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 -0700

This research explores the formula that power corridors employ to instill self-dehumanization in subjects by exploiting their consented loss of self-identity as portrayed in Jamil Ahmed’s The Wandering Falcon. Principally, the state of humanness refers to the distinct nature and the particular characteristics that distinguish humans from nonhumans. Moreover, it is only the realization of a positive self-concept that provides individuals with an impetus to strive for fundamental rights and resist against hegemonic exploitations. In this paper, I will argue that the subjects in the novel are not merely overtly dehumanized and publicly coerced rather they willingly resign to foster, what Carl Roger terms as, positive self-concept. Moreover, employing the lens of Althusserian RSAs, I discuss how the rules and regulations shaped by jirga and armed forces and designed identity fashioned in cultural institutes silently and swiftly seize all human agency and experiences in the capacity of reasoning, self-discipline, morality, feelings, consciousness of surrounding & psychological states of existence in order to develop an enforced dehumanization in the tribal people in the given novel. The study maintains that the common masses are often tactfully exploited by making them believe that they lack apposite human identity and, therefore, they deserve no voice against the so-called regulations commissioned by the brokers of civilization and prosperity.