INDIAN OCEAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION: CHALLENGES AND CHOICES FOR PAKISTAN

Authors

  • Syed Ghulam Raza , Executive Director, Pakistan Council on Foreign Relations
  • Syed Hasan Habib Senior Fellow, Institute of Business Management (IoBM)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62533/ammwd235

Abstract

Indian Ocean (IO) has emerged has theater of strategic completion between existing and emerging powers. Given the strategic significance of critical chokepoints, IO has been the hotly contested region specially for the China, India, and the U.S. Three-way contest among India, China and the U.S. is primarily meant for securing interests and extending area of influence. Owing to geostrategic location and varying nature of relations with three competing powers, Pakistan cannot remain unmoved in this friction. India aspiration of dominant role, growing strategic partnership with the U.S, and anti-CPEC are key challenges for Pakistan. Informed foreign and security policy along with the successful executive of CPEC, the capacity building of naval forces and multilateral regional approach will be critical for Pakistan to survive in the renewed strategic construct of the region.

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Author Biographies

  • Syed Ghulam Raza, , Executive Director, Pakistan Council on Foreign Relations

    Executive Director, Pakistan Council on Foreign Relations

    Adjunct Faculty, Institute of Business Management (IoBM) 

  • Syed Hasan Habib, Senior Fellow, Institute of Business Management (IoBM)

    Senior Fellow, Institute of Business Management(IoBM)

    Co-Chairman, Pakistan Council on Foreign Relations

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Published

2026-07-07

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INDIAN OCEAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION: CHALLENGES AND CHOICES FOR PAKISTAN. (2026). BAHRIA UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (BUJHSS), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.62533/ammwd235